Phlegm-dampness is a disease in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) that refers to the impact of external pathogenic factors, dietary indiscretions, emotional imbalances, excessive comfort, insufficient endowment, and chronic illness on the qi-transforming functions of the lungs, spleen, and kidneys, leading to a dysfunctional distribution of fluids. Dampness, which lacks a visible form and appears as a “vapor,” is highly diffuse and can be categorized as either “external dampness” or “internal dampness” depending on the cause. Phlegm, on the other hand, is thick and sticky, often resembling a semi-solidified latex, with low fluidity. Based on its physical form, it can be categorized as either “tangible phlegm” or “intangible phlegm.” Because phlegm-dampness can obstruct the flow of qi and blood, affect fluid metabolism, easily cloud the mind, travel throughout the body with qi, and easily be associated with other pathogens, phlegm-dampness can lead to widespread pathology, diverse symptoms, and complex illnesses. It is often seen in various diseases such as chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, gastrointestinal dysfunction, chronic gastroenteritis, thyroid nodules, breast nodules, arthritis, obesity, hypertension, atherosclerosis, etc.
Epidemiology
Epidemiology
Phlegm-dampness is a common clinical disease, and there is currently no relevant definitive epidemiological research.
Contagious
Not contagious.
Incidence
There is currently no exact incidence data.
High-risk population
There is no specific population that is prone to the disease.
symptom
Classification
Depending on the location of phlegm and dampness stagnation, it can be mainly divided into different types such as phlegm and dampness blocking the lungs, phlegm and dampness blocking the middle part of the body, phlegm and dampness stagnation, phlegm and dampness blocking the collaterals, and phlegm and dampness obstructing the orifices.
Typical manifestations
1. Phlegm and dampness blocking the lungs
The main symptoms are cough, spitting, chest tightness, etc.
2. Phlegm-dampness blocking the middle part of the body
The main symptoms are abdominal distension, nausea, vomiting of phlegm, and loss of appetite.
3. Phlegm and dampness stagnation
The main symptom is the formation of a local round, smooth lump, which can occur anywhere on the body, without obvious swelling or pain.
4. Phlegm and dampness blocking the meridians
The main symptoms are heaviness, soreness, numbness, and difficulty in flexion and extension of limb joints.
5. Phlegm and dampness obscuring the orifices
The main symptoms are dizziness, heaviness of the head and headache.
Associated symptoms
Patients may have symptoms such as obesity, bland or sticky mouth, excessive secretions, turbid urine, sticky, unformed or constipated stools.
complication
If phlegm and dampness are not treated in time, they may cause traditional Chinese medicine diseases such as lung distension, chest pain, true heart pain, diabetes, dizziness, stroke, syncope, cancer, etc., which are equivalent to various serious diseases in modern medicine such as cor pulmonale, coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, diabetes, hypertension, ischemic cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, shock, malignant tumors, etc.
reason
Overview
Phlegm-dampness develops primarily due to external pathogenic invasion, dietary irregularities, emotional imbalances, excessive comfort, insufficient endowment, and chronic illness. These factors can lead to dysfunction of the lungs, spleen, kidneys, liver, and triple energizers, further disrupting fluid metabolism and causing phlegm-dampness. Phlegm-dampness accumulates in different locations and interacts with different pathogenic factors, resulting in varying symptoms.
Cause of symptoms
1. Invasion by external pathogens
Due to reasons such as getting caught in the rain and wading through water, living in a damp environment, and being exposed to fog and dew, dampness may invade the human body. Dampness stays inside for a long time and gathers into phlegm, thus forming phlegm-dampness diseases.
2. Improper diet
Overeating, undereating, dietary preferences, excessive intake of spicy and greasy foods, alcohol addiction, etc. may affect the normal transportation and transformation functions of the spleen and stomach, resulting in the failure of food transportation and transformation, and the failure of distribution of fine substances, which in turn leads to phlegm and dampness symptoms.
3. Emotional disorders
Long-term excessive emotional stimulation will damage the corresponding five internal organs, such as “anger hurts the liver”, “joy hurts the heart”, “thinking hurts the spleen”, “worry hurts the lungs”, “fear hurts the kidneys”, etc., which will lead to organ dysfunction and imbalance of qi in the body. Over time, it can cause body fluids to stagnate and form phlegm and dampness.
4. Excessive comfort
Appropriate physical activity and exercise can ensure the smooth flow of Qi and blood, and invigorate Yang Qi. However, prolonged periods of excessive rest can disrupt the smooth flow of Qi within the body, leading to spleen and stomach dysfunction, which in turn can cause fluid stagnation and the formation of phlegm-dampness.
5. Lack of talent, old age and long-term illness
Due to factors such as physical weakness, aging, and chronic illness, the lungs, spleen, and kidneys can become weak, leading to abnormal water metabolism and the development of phlegm-dampness. Furthermore, a phlegm-damp constitution can also be formed due to inheritance from one’s parents.
Common diseases
Chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, gastrointestinal dysfunction, chronic gastroenteritis, thyroid nodules, breast nodules, arthritis, obesity, hypertension, atherosclerosis
Seeking medical treatment
Emergency (120) indications
1. Those who suddenly faint, lose consciousness, suffer from hemiplegia, facial paralysis, or speech impairment should be alert to stroke caused by liver wind mixed with phlegm and dampness, and blood stasis that obscures the mind.
2. If you suddenly experience severe chest pain accompanied by symptoms such as palpitations, edema, cold limbs, shortness of breath, sweating, and pale complexion, you should be alert to chest pain and true heart pain caused by phlegm and dampness combined with blood stasis blocking the heart meridian.
3. Those who suddenly develop symptoms such as hyperactivity, mania, restlessness, cursing, destroying things, and being easily angered should be alert to madness caused by phlegm and dampness turning into fire, which obscures the mind.
4. Other critical situations occur.
In all of the above cases, you must call the emergency number or go to the emergency room immediately.
Outpatient indications
1. Repeated coughing and sputum production, with large amounts of sputum, accompanied by chest tightness, chest pain and other discomfort symptoms.
2. Recurrent symptoms of abdominal distension, nausea, vomiting of phlegm, loss of appetite, etc.
3. A painless, smooth mass is felt on the body surface, or nodules, cysts, etc. are found during a physical examination.
4. Recurring symptoms of heaviness, soreness, numbness, and difficulty in flexing and extending the limbs and joints.
5. Frequent symptoms of dizziness, heaviness of the head, headache, etc.
6. Obesity, bland or sticky taste in the mouth, excessive secretions, turbid urine, irregular bowel movements and other discomfort symptoms.
7. Other severe, persistent or progressive symptoms and signs occur.
All of the above require prompt medical consultation.
Treatment department
1. If a critical illness that may be life-threatening occurs, go to the emergency department immediately.
2. For those with cough and sputum as the main symptoms, you may consider visiting the respiratory department.
3. For those whose main symptoms are abdominal distension, nausea, and loss of appetite, you may consider visiting the gastroenterology department.
4. For patients with subcutaneous or organ nodules or cysts as the main symptoms, you may consider visiting the dermatology or general surgery department.
5. For those whose main symptoms are joint pain and discomfort, you may consider visiting the orthopedics or rheumatology department.
6. For those with dizziness and headache as the main symptoms, you may consider visiting the neurology department or cardiology department.
7. For those with obesity as the main symptom, you may consider visiting the endocrinology department or nutrition department.
8. Those who wish to receive treatment through Traditional Chinese Medicine may consider visiting the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
Medical preparation
1. Make an appointment in advance and bring your ID card, medical insurance card, medical card, etc.
2. Physical examination and imaging examination are usually required, so it is recommended to wear clothes that are easy to put on and take off to avoid inconvenience.
3. Blood tests are usually required, so it’s best to see a doctor in the morning on an empty stomach. If the condition is urgent or severe, see a doctor immediately regardless of the time.
4. If you have had medical treatment recently, please bring relevant medical records, examination reports, laboratory test results, etc.
5. If you have taken medication to relieve symptoms recently, you can bring the medicine box.
6. To avoid unexpected situations during medical treatment, it is recommended that you be accompanied by a relative.
7. Patients or their families can prepare a list of questions they want to ask in advance.
What questions might a doctor ask a patient?
1. What is your main symptom? How long have you had it? Is it constant or recurring?
2. Do you have other accompanying symptoms, such as chest tightness, abdominal distension, diarrhea or constipation, joint discomfort, weight gain, dizziness, headache, etc.?
3. Do you have any factors that may cause the onset or aggravation of symptoms?
4. Have you sought medical treatment at other hospitals for these symptoms? What tests did you undergo and what were the results? Is there a clear diagnosis? How was your treatment? How effective was it?
5. What is your living and working environment like?
6. What are your lifestyle habits like? Do you have any negative habits such as overeating, a craving for spicy and greasy foods, smoking and drinking, mental stress, excessive stress, lack of exercise, or excessive comfort?
7. How is your general health? Do you have any other illnesses? How is your current treatment?
8. Have any of your family members ever exhibited similar symptoms to you?
What questions can patients ask their doctor?
1. Why do I have these symptoms? What is the most likely cause? What other possible causes could it be?
2. What tests do I need to confirm the diagnosis?
3. Is my condition serious? Do I need hospitalization? Is it curable?
4. What treatments do I need? Are there any risks associated with these treatments? How long will it take to heal?
5. How much does treatment cost? Will it be covered by medical insurance?
6. I have other diseases. Will this affect my treatment results?
7. What should we pay attention to in daily life?
8. Do I need a follow-up examination? How often? What should I check?
examine
Scheduled inspection
The doctor will first conduct a preliminary examination using the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) four diagnostic methods: observation, auscultation, olfaction, questioning, and palpation. The doctor will then perform additional tests, including blood count, blood biochemistry, stool culture, 13C- or 14C -urea breath test, sputum analysis, blood gas analysis, pulmonary function test, barium meal X-ray, ultrasound, CT, MRI, endoscopy, and pathology, to further understand the patient’s condition.
Physical examination
1. Inspection
This includes observing the patient’s complexion, demeanor, posture, lips and nail color, tongue texture, and changes in tongue coating. If necessary, the patient’s stool, sputum, and other excretions will also be observed to make a preliminary assessment of the disease.
2. Auscultation
The main methods include smelling and listening. Doctors carefully identify whether there is any odor from the patient’s mouth, body, and excrement, as well as the strength of the patient’s breathing, the pitch and strength of the voice, the speed of breathing, and any abnormal sounds such as coughing, wheezing, and groaning, in order to determine the nature and severity of the disease.
3. Medical consultation
The doctor will ask the patient in detail about his or her discomfort symptoms, illness, diet, taste, sleep, bowel movements, whether he or she is afraid of cold or heat, whether he or she is thirsty, etc. The doctor will also ask the patient about his or her past medical history, family history, personal history, etc., in order to determine the condition and cause of the disease.
4. Palpation
It includes pulse diagnosis and palpation, which involves understanding the condition of the abdomen through palpation and palpation, as well as taking the pulse to diagnose diseases.
5. Others
Depending on the patient’s condition, the doctor will also conduct Western medical physical examinations such as blood pressure measurement and heart and lung auscultation to make a preliminary assessment of the patient’s physical condition.
Laboratory tests
1. Blood routine test
It can determine whether there is infection, anemia, etc.
2. Sputum examination
For those with respiratory tract infection, sputum examination can be performed, including microscopic examination, sputum culture, and drug sensitivity test, which can clarify the cause of the disease and guide clinical treatment.
3. Pulmonary function test
For patients with respiratory diseases, pulmonary function tests are of great significance for disease diagnosis, condition assessment, and prognosis.
4. Blood gas analysis
For patients with severe respiratory diseases, blood gas analysis can help to rule out pathological changes such as respiratory failure, acid-base imbalance, and electrolyte imbalance, thereby guiding clinical treatment and assessing the severity of the disease and prognosis.
5. Stool routine examination and stool culture
For those with digestive system symptoms, especially diarrhea, routine stool examination and stool culture can help determine whether there is infection and the type of pathogen.
6. 13 C- or 14 C-urea breath test
It can be used to check for Helicobacter pylori infection.
7. Blood biochemistry
Blood lipid tests can help determine whether hyperlipidemia or dyslipidemia exists; blood sugar tests can be used to screen for diabetes, and glucose tolerance tests can be performed if necessary; liver function and kidney function tests can determine whether there is liver and kidney damage.
Imaging examinations
1. Ultrasound
It can be used to check whether there are cysts or nodules in the subcutaneous tissues, thyroid, liver, gallbladder, ovaries and other tissues and organs.
2. Barium meal X-ray examination
For those experiencing digestive tract discomfort, a barium meal X-ray examination may be considered. Oral barium contrast or barium enema contrast, using X-ray imaging technology, can help determine whether there are any lesions in the digestive tract.
3. CT and MRI
CT, MRI plain scan or enhanced examination can help determine whether there are lesions in tissues and organs.
Pathological examination
For tumors whose nature is difficult to determine, a pathological examination may be considered to determine the nature of the disease. However, since pathological examination is invasive, it is not a routine examination item.
Other tests
Endoscopic examinations, such as bronchoscopy, gastroscopy, and colonoscopy, can clearly observe the presence of lesions in the examined area and provide a preliminary assessment of the nature of the lesions. Endoscopic treatment and pathology can also be performed.
diagnosis
Diagnostic principles
Physicians can generally confirm the diagnosis of phlegm-dampness through the four diagnostic methods of observation, auscultation, listening, questioning, and palpation. Furthermore, incorporating auxiliary examinations such as Western medicine laboratory tests, imaging studies, and endoscopy can aid in diagnosing the underlying condition. During diagnosis, doctors typically identify the site of phlegm-dampness stagnation, such as phlegm-dampness blocking the lungs, phlegm-dampness blocking the middle of the body, phlegm-dampness stagnation, phlegm-dampness blocking the collaterals, and phlegm-dampness obstructing the orifices.
Differential diagnosis
1. Phlegm and dampness blocking the lungs
Patients often present with recurrent coughing and expectoration, a heavy cough, a large amount of sputum, or sticky sputum that is difficult to cough up or thick lumps, with white or grayish white sputum, accompanied by chest tightness, chest distension, and shortness of breath. The symptoms are aggravated by exposure to cold, dampness, or eating greasy food.
2. Phlegm-dampness blocking the middle part of the body
Patients often present with symptoms such as abdominal distension and discomfort, chest fullness and tightness, heaviness and drowsiness, obesity, loss of appetite, abdominal distension after eating, nausea and vomiting, loss of taste in the mouth or spitting of phlegm, and difficulty urinating.
3. Phlegm and dampness stagnation
Patients may present with round or quasi-round lumps with smooth surfaces under the skin or on the surface of organs. These lumps may be single or multiple, grow slowly, and have no obvious symptoms such as pain or swelling.
4. Phlegm and dampness blocking the meridians
Patients may experience joint swelling, heaviness, pain, numbness, difficulty in flexion and extension, and in severe cases, joint deformities.
5. Phlegm and dampness obscuring the orifices
Patients may experience dizziness and heaviness in the head, or symptoms such as spinning vision, chest tightness, nausea, vomiting of phlegm, poor appetite and excessive sleep.
treat
Expected treatment
Phlegm-dampness requires a Traditional Chinese Medicine practitioner to perform a diagnosis and treatment based on the patient’s condition. Treatment typically focuses on removing dampness and eliminating phlegm, while also focusing on regulating the functions of the lungs, spleen, kidneys, liver, and other internal organs. In addition to medication, treatment can also include massage, acupuncture, moxibustion, and physical therapy. Furthermore, targeted treatment is often needed based on the patient’s already diagnosed Western medical condition.
Drug treatment
1. Phlegm and dampness blocking the lungs
The treatment method is to dry dampness and resolve phlegm, promote lung function and relieve asthma, using Erchen Decoction combined with Sanzi Yangqin Decoction with modifications. Commonly used Chinese herbs include Pinellia, Tangerine Peel, Poria, Licorice, Perilla Seed, White Mustard Seed, and Radish Seed.
2. Phlegm-dampness blocking the middle part of the body
Treatment is based on removing dampness and resolving phlegm, regulating qi and harmonizing the middle meridians, using modified Erchen Pingwei San. Commonly used Chinese herbs include Pinellia ternata, Poria cocos, dried tangerine peel, liquorice, Atractylodes macrocephala, and Magnolia officinalis.
3. Phlegm and dampness stagnation
The treatment method is to dry dampness and resolve phlegm, regulate qi and disperse stagnation, and use modified Banxia Houpu Decoction for treatment. Commonly used Chinese herbs include Pinellia, Magnolia, Poria, ginger, and Perilla leaves.
4. Phlegm and dampness blocking the meridians
The treatment method is to remove dampness and resolve phlegm, unblock the meridians and relieve pain, and use modified Yiyiren Decoction for treatment. Commonly used Chinese herbs include coix seed, atractylodes, licorice, notopterygium root, angelica root, saposhnikovia root, ephedra, cinnamon twig, processed Chuanwu root, angelica root, and Chuanxiong root.
5. Phlegm and dampness obscuring the orifices
The treatment method is to resolve phlegm and dampness, strengthen the spleen and harmonize the stomach, and use modified Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction for treatment. Commonly used Chinese herbs include Pinellia, Gastrodia, Poria, Tangerine Peel, Atractylodes, and Licorice.
Related drugs
Erchen Decoction, Sanzi Yangqin Decoction, Erchen Pingwei Powder, Banxia Houpu Decoction, Coix Seed Decoction, Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction
Surgical treatment
For tissue masses that are large, affect appearance, affect normal function, or are suspected to be cancer, surgical resection should be performed promptly and pathological examination should be considered.
Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment
1. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment
See Drug Treatment for details.
2. Acupuncture treatment
Acupuncture points are selected by a Chinese medicine practitioner or acupuncturist based on the patient’s condition. Commonly used acupoints include Zhongwan, Fenglong, Zusanli, Sanyinjiao, Yinlingquan, Pishu, Weishu, Feishu, Shenshu, Sanjiaoshu, etc. Acupuncture or moxibustion treatment can be performed.
3. Massage therapy
A Chinese medicine practitioner or masseur will treat the spleen meridian, stomach meridian, lung meridian, kidney meridian, bladder meridian and other meridians through pushing, kneading, pressing and holding techniques according to the condition of the disease, and may focus on kneading acupoints such as Zhongwan, Fenglong, Zusanli, Sanyinjiao and Yinlingquan.
4. Others
Methods such as scraping, cupping, medicated bath, and fumigation also have certain therapeutic effects.
Treatment cycle
The treatment cycle is affected by factors such as the severity of the disease, treatment plan, treatment timing, age and physical condition, and may vary from person to person.
Estimated treatment costs
There may be significant individual differences in treatment costs, and the specific costs are related to the selected hospital, treatment plan, medical insurance policy, etc.
Prognosis
General prognosis
The prognosis of this disease is closely related to factors such as the cause, severity, and treatment effectiveness. For patients with mild symptoms, if they receive timely and effective treatment, the prognosis is generally good, and most patients can recover completely. However, for patients with complex causes that are difficult to completely correct, or with delayed or inappropriate treatment, the prognosis is relatively poor. Some patients may experience recurrent attacks and prolonged illness, while others may develop serious complications or even life-threatening conditions.
Hazards
Long-term accumulation of phlegm and dampness in the body can not only lead to organ dysfunction, but may also be accompanied by pathogenic factors such as cold, heat, liver wind, and blood stasis, causing imbalance of qi, blood, yin and yang in the body, and accumulation of pathological products, which in turn lead to symptoms such as lung distension, chest pain, true heart pain, thirst, dizziness, stroke, syncope, cancer, etc., which are equivalent to various serious diseases in modern medicine such as cor pulmonale, coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, diabetes, hypertension, ischemic cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, shock, malignant tumors, etc.
Curative
1. For patients with a clear cause, mild symptoms, and timely and effective treatment, complete recovery is usually possible. However, some patients may experience relapses due to the re-affective effects of the cause.
2. For patients with severe disease, complex and difficult-to-eliminate causes, or who are not treated promptly or are treated improperly, it is usually difficult to cure. However, if these patients continue to receive active treatment, it is still possible to control the disease, alleviate the symptoms of loose stools, and thus improve their quality of life.
daily
Nursing principles
Scientific and effective nursing care can help patients recover quickly and stabilize their condition. Nursing principles for patients with pulmonary consolidation mainly include strengthening lifestyle management, actively following doctor’s orders for treatment, and regular checkups.
Medication care
1. Patients should take medications at regular times and in fixed amounts as prescribed by their doctor and should not change medications, adjust dosages, or stop taking medications on their own.
2. Patients and their families need to fully understand the efficacy and common adverse reactions of the drug.
3. Patients and their families should pay close attention to the reactions after taking the medicine. If any discomfort symptoms occur during medication or the treatment effect is not obvious, they should consult a doctor in time.
Postoperative care
Patients who undergo surgical removal of cysts or nodules need to receive proper postoperative care.
1. Pay attention to wound care to avoid infection or excessive traction.
2. Follow the doctor’s advice and start activities as soon as possible to avoid complications such as bedsores and deep vein thrombosis caused by long-term bed rest.
3. Eat more nutritious and easily digestible foods to ensure balanced nutrition, and appropriately increase the intake of protein, vitamins, and minerals. Avoid spicy, greasy, and irritating foods to avoid affecting wound healing.
4. Ensure smooth bowel movements, develop regular bowel habits and habits, and avoid holding back bowel movements or excessive straining.
Life Management
1. Keep the surrounding environment clean, quiet, with appropriate temperature and humidity. Try to avoid living in a humid environment to improve the treatment effect and prevent the condition from worsening.
2. Engage in appropriate physical exercise according to your own situation, such as walking, jogging, or practicing Tai Chi, Ba Duan Jin, Wu Qin Xi, etc., which will help regulate Qi, stimulate Yang Qi, and thus promote recovery from illness.
3. Pay attention to weather changes, avoid getting wet in the rain, wading in water, or being exposed to fog, rain or dew for a long time, which can prevent the invasion of dampness and improve the treatment effect.
4. Avoid wearing damp clothes to prevent the condition from getting worse due to the invasion of dampness.
5. A reasonable diet can strengthen the spleen and stomach, thereby promoting recovery from illness.
6. Maintain a positive and optimistic attitude, avoid excessive thinking, depression, long-term tension, etc., which is conducive to regulating Qi and promoting recovery.
7. It is recommended to quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption.
Disease monitoring
1. Monitor whether discomfort symptoms are relieved.
2. Monitor laboratory indicators for improvement.
3. Monitor whether adverse reactions occur after taking the medicine.
Follow-up Instructions
1. Patients should follow the doctor’s advice and have regular follow-up visits, which will help the doctor judge the treatment effect and adverse reactions.
2. If the condition worsens or new symptoms appear, you should seek medical treatment promptly and have a specialist determine whether the treatment plan needs to be adjusted.
3. The follow-up examination includes the four diagnostic tests of traditional Chinese medicine, blood routine, blood biochemistry, imaging examination, etc.
diet
Dietary adjustment
A scientific and reasonable diet can ensure the normal functioning of the body, help control the disease, maintain the treatment effect, and promote recovery from the disease.
Dietary recommendations
1. It is recommended that patients should eat a reasonable diet to ensure balanced nutrition.
2. Appropriately increase the intake of foods rich in high-quality protein, such as lean meat, eggs, milk, beans and bean products, fish, etc.
3. Appropriately increase the intake of fresh fruits and vegetables, such as broccoli, spinach, purple cabbage, cherries, blueberries, grapes, etc.
4. Eat whole grains and nuts in moderation, such as oats, buckwheat, brown rice, walnuts, almonds, hazelnuts, etc.
5. The cooking method should ensure low salt, low fat and low sugar, and should be light and easy to absorb.
6. It is recommended to quit smoking and drinking.
Dietary taboos
1. Avoid eating foods high in fat, such as fried dough sticks, fried cakes, fried instant noodles, whole milk, cream, fatty meat, animal offal, animal fats, etc.
2. Avoid eating foods with high sugar content, such as candy, chocolate, beverages, candied fruits, desserts, etc.
3. Avoid eating foods with high salt content, such as pickled and smoked foods, and processed products such as pickles, pickles, smoked chicken, sausages, canned foods, barbecue, etc.
4. Avoid eating raw, cold foods, such as raw seafood, ice cream, cold drinks, bitter melon, etc.
prevention
Preventive measures
1. Maintain a regular schedule, ensure adequate rest and sleep, and avoid staying up late and overwork.
2. Maintain good eating habits, eat on time, eat a balanced diet, avoid overeating or being too hungry, avoid high-fat, high-salt, and high-sugar foods, and avoid unclean food.
3. Maintain an optimistic and positive attitude, avoid mental stress, depression, excessive thinking, etc.
4. Develop the habit of regular exercise and avoid excessive comfort or lack of exercise.
5. Pay attention to weather changes, add or remove clothes in time, avoid getting wet in the rain, wading in water, staying in a humid environment for a long time, being exposed to fog and dew, etc., to prevent the invasion of dampness.
6. Actively treat underlying diseases, have regular physical examinations and follow-up examinations on time.